Indian Evidence Act, 1872
IEA Section 21 in BSA
Proof of admissions against persons making them. Section 21 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Proof of admissions against persons making them) corresponds to Section 19 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.
Verify before you rely on this. Renumbering under the 2023 codes is not a clean one-to-one exercise — provisions were merged, split and reworded. Always check the printed bare act.
Where this sits in the exam
This provision is examined under Evidence Act & Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, worth 8 of the 100 marks in AIBE XXII. The paper permits bare acts but bans notes, so what matters is finding it quickly, not reciting the number.
Questions that turn on this section
Admissions in civil cases are not relevant if made:
Answer & explanation
Upon an express condition that evidence of it is not to be given
BSA Section 21 corresponds to IEA Section 23. This protects without-prejudice settlement communications and encourages compromise.
Sections either side of it
How the neighbouring provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 were renumbered:
| IEA | Provision | BSA |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional | 13 |
| 17 | Admission defined | 15 |
| 18 | Admission by party to proceeding or his agent | 16 |
| 23 | Admissions in civil cases when relevant | 21 |
| 24 | Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant | 22 |
| 25 | Confession to police officer not to be proved | 23(1) |
Practise it
Cutoff has AIBE XXII questions on this area, each cited to both codes with a line telling you where to find it in the bare act. Ten questions per subject are free, no account needed.
Practise free Full IEA→BSA table