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IEA to BSA section converter

Type a section number from the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and get its equivalent in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 — or search the other way. 89 sections mapped.

Verify before you rely on this. Renumbering under the 2023 codes is not a clean one-to-one exercise — provisions were merged, split and reworded. Always check the printed bare act.

Full mapping table

Each row links to a page with the marginal note and practice questions.

IEA	Provision	BSA
2	Extent and application	1
3	Interpretation clause	2
5	Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts	3
6	Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction	4
7	Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue	5
8	Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct	6
9	Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts	7
10	Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design	8
11	When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant	9
13	Facts relevant when right or custom is in question	11
14	Facts showing existence of state of mind, body or bodily feeling	12
15	Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional	13
17	Admission defined	15
18	Admission by party to proceeding or his agent	16
21	Proof of admissions against persons making them	19
23	Admissions in civil cases when relevant	21
24	Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant	22
25	Confession to police officer not to be proved	23(1)
26	Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him	23(2)
27	How much of information received from accused may be proved	23(2) proviso
32	Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found is relevant	26
33	Relevancy of certain evidence for proving truth of facts stated in a former proceeding	27
35	Relevancy of entry in public record made in performance of duty	29
40	Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial	34
43	Judgments other than those mentioned, when relevant	37
45	Opinions of experts	39
47	Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant	41
50	Opinion on relationship, when relevant	44
52	In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant	46
53	In criminal cases previous good character relevant	47
56	Facts judicially noticeable need not be proved	51
57	Facts of which Court must take judicial notice	52
58	Facts admitted need not be proved	53
59	Proof of facts by oral evidence	54
60	Oral evidence must be direct	55
61	Proof of contents of documents	56
62	Primary evidence	57
63	Secondary evidence	58
64	Proof of documents by primary evidence	59
65	Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given	60
65A	Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record	61
65B	Admissibility of electronic records	63
67	Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed	64
68	Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested	67
74	Public documents	74
76	Certified copies of public documents	75
91	Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property	94
92	Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement	95
101	Burden of proof	104
102	On whom burden of proof lies	105
103	Burden of proof as to particular fact	106
104	Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible	107
105	Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions	108
106	Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge	109
107	Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years	110
108	Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years	111
111A	Presumption as to certain offences	116
113A	Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman	117
113B	Presumption as to dowry death	118
114	Court may presume existence of certain facts	119
114A	Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecutions for rape	120
115	Estoppel	121
116	Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession	122
118	Who may testify	124
119	Witness unable to communicate verbally	125
120	Parties to civil suit and their wives or husbands as witnesses	126
121	Judges and Magistrates	127
122	Communications during marriage	128
123	Evidence as to affairs of State	129
124	Official communications	130
126	Professional communications	132
129	Confidential communication with legal advisers	135
132	Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate	138
133	Accomplice	138
134	Number of witnesses	139
135	Order of production and examination of witnesses	140
137	Examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination	142
138	Order of examinations	143
140	Witnesses to character	145
141	Leading questions	146
142	When leading questions must not be asked	147
145	Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing	148
146	Questions lawful in cross-examination	149
151	Indecent and scandalous questions	152
154	Question by party to his own witness	157
155	Impeaching credit of witness	158
157	Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate	160
159	Refreshing memory	162
165	Judge's power to put questions or order production	168

New in the BSA with no IEA equivalent

• § 2 & 61 — Electronic and digital records expressly within the definitions of 'document' and 'evidence'
• § 63 — Expanded certificate regime for admissibility of electronic records, with a prescribed schedule format
• § 39(2) — Examiner of Electronic Evidence expressly recognised as an expert