Indian Evidence Act, 1872
IEA Section 65A in BSA
Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record. Section 65A of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record) corresponds to Section 61 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.
Verify before you rely on this. Renumbering under the 2023 codes is not a clean one-to-one exercise — provisions were merged, split and reworded. Always check the printed bare act.
Where this sits in the exam
This provision is examined under Evidence Act & Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, worth 8 of the 100 marks in AIBE XXII. The paper permits bare acts but bans notes, so what matters is finding it quickly, not reciting the number.
Questions that turn on this section
Under the BSA, an electronic record now falls within the definition of:
Answer & explanation
Both a 'document' and 'evidence' within the meaning of the Act
This is one of the principal changes made by the BSA. Electronic and digital records are expressly brought within the definitions, giving them the same legal effect as paper records.
Sections either side of it
How the neighbouring provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 were renumbered:
| IEA | Provision | BSA |
|---|---|---|
| 63 | Secondary evidence | 58 |
| 64 | Proof of documents by primary evidence | 59 |
| 65 | Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | 60 |
| 65B | Admissibility of electronic records | 63 |
| 67 | Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed | 64 |
| 68 | Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested | 67 |
Practise it
Cutoff has AIBE XXII questions on this area, each cited to both codes with a line telling you where to find it in the bare act. Ten questions per subject are free, no account needed.
Practise free Full IEA→BSA table