Indian Evidence Act, 1872
IEA Section 62 in BSA
Primary evidence. Section 62 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Primary evidence) corresponds to Section 57 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.
Verify before you rely on this. Renumbering under the 2023 codes is not a clean one-to-one exercise — provisions were merged, split and reworded. Always check the printed bare act.
Where this sits in the exam
This provision is examined under Evidence Act & Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, worth 8 of the 100 marks in AIBE XXII. The paper permits bare acts but bans notes, so what matters is finding it quickly, not reciting the number.
Questions that turn on this section
Primary evidence means:
Answer & explanation
The document itself, produced for the inspection of the court
BSA Section 57 corresponds to IEA Section 62. Secondary evidence, dealt with in the following section, includes certified copies and copies made from the original by mechanical processes.
Judicial notice means:
Answer & explanation
Facts the court shall take notice of without proof being led
BSA Sections 51 to 52 correspond to IEA Sections 56 to 57. Facts judicially noticeable include all laws in force in India, the course of proceedings of Parliament, and the territorial divisions of India.
Facts judicially noticeable need not be proved because:
Answer & explanation
The court is bound to take notice of them under Section 52
§ 52 BSA lists them; § 51 says facts judicially noticeable need not be proved.
Sections either side of it
How the neighbouring provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 were renumbered:
| IEA | Provision | BSA |
|---|---|---|
| 59 | Proof of facts by oral evidence | 54 |
| 60 | Oral evidence must be direct | 55 |
| 61 | Proof of contents of documents | 56 |
| 63 | Secondary evidence | 58 |
| 64 | Proof of documents by primary evidence | 59 |
| 65 | Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | 60 |
Practise it
Cutoff has AIBE XXII questions on this area, each cited to both codes with a line telling you where to find it in the bare act. Ten questions per subject are free, no account needed.
Practise free Full IEA→BSA table