Indian Evidence Act, 1872
IEA Section 59 in BSA
§ 59 IEA→§ 54 BSA
Proof of facts by oral evidence. Section 59 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Proof of facts by oral evidence) corresponds to Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.
Verify before you rely on this. Renumbering under the 2023 codes is not a clean one-to-one exercise — provisions were merged, split and reworded. Always check the printed bare act.
Sections either side of it
How the neighbouring provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 were renumbered:
| IEA | Provision | BSA |
|---|---|---|
| 56 | Facts judicially noticeable need not be proved | 51 |
| 57 | Facts of which Court must take judicial notice | 52 |
| 58 | Facts admitted need not be proved | 53 |
| 60 | Oral evidence must be direct | 55 |
| 61 | Proof of contents of documents | 56 |
| 62 | Primary evidence | 57 |
Practise it
Cutoff has AIBE XXII questions on this area, each cited to both codes with a line telling you where to find it in the bare act. Ten questions per subject are free, no account needed.
Practise free Full IEA→BSA table