Indian Penal Code, 1860
IPC Section 278 in BNS
§ 278 IPC→§ 280 BNS
Making atmosphere noxious to health. Section 278 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Making atmosphere noxious to health) corresponds to Section 280 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
Verify before you rely on this. Renumbering under the 2023 codes is not a clean one-to-one exercise — provisions were merged, split and reworded. Always check the printed bare act.
Sections either side of it
How the neighbouring provisions of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 were renumbered:
| IPC | Provision | BNS |
|---|---|---|
| 273 | Sale of noxious food or drink | 275 |
| 274 | Adulteration of drugs | 276 |
| 277 | Fouling water of public spring or reservoir | 279 |
| 279 | Rash driving or riding on a public way | 281 |
| 283 | Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation | 285 |
| 284 | Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance | 286 |
Practise it
Cutoff has AIBE XXII questions on this area, each cited to both codes with a line telling you where to find it in the bare act. Ten questions per subject are free, no account needed.
Practise free Full IPC→BNS table